Learn Science std-Xth lables Science from the whole world....

Air

Water

Reproduction system

Heat

Cold

Mislenious

1.1 Chemical Equations

The description of a chemical reaction in a sentence form is quite long. It can be written in a shorter form. The simplest way to do this is to write it in the form of a word-equation.

For example-: Described as − when a magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen, it gets converted to magnesium oxide. Continue Learning

2.1 Understanding the chemical properties of Acids and Bases

2.1.1 Acids and Bases in the Laboratory

We can find the Acid or Base with the help of reaction, whether a substance is acidic or basic by change in colour. There are some substances whose odour changes in acidic or basic media. These are called olfactory indicators. Continue Learning

3.1 Physical Properties

Metals, in their pure state, have a shining surface. This property is called metallic lustre. The ability of metals to be drawn into thin wires is called ductility. Gold is the most ductile metal.

It is because of their malleability and ductility that metals can be given different shapes according to our needs. Continue Learning

4.1 Bonding in carbon the Covalent Bond

The ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points and conduct electricity in solution or in the molten state. The atomic number of carbon is 6.

In the case of carbon, it has four electrons in its outermost shell and needs to gain or lose four electrons to attain noble gas configuration. If it were to gain or lose electrons − Continue Learning

The matter around us is present in the form of elements, compounds and mixtures and the elements contain atoms of only one type.

At present, 118 elements are known to us. All these have different properties. Out of these 118, only 94 are naturally occurring.

There are different elements were being discovered; scientists gathered more and more information about the properties of these elements. They found it difficult to organize all that was known about the elements.

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As we think of some sort of movement, either growth-related or not, as common evidence for being alive. But a plant that is not visibly growing is still alive, and some animals can breathe without visible movement. So using visible movement as the defining characteristic of life is not enough.

6.1 What are life process

The life process always takes maintenance functions of living organisms must go on even when they are not doing anything particular. The processes which together perform this maintenance job are life processes.

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The life processes involved in the maintenance functions in living organisms and it need some controls and co-ordinations between organisms.

Some of these movements are in fact the result of growth, as in plants. A seed germinates and grows, and we can see that the seedling moves over the course of a few days, it pushes soil aside and comes out. But if its growth were to be stopped, these movements would not happen. Some movements, as in many animals and some plants, are not connected with growth. A cat running, children playing on swings, buffaloes chewing cud – these are not movements caused by growth.

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The reproduction is not necessary to maintain the life of an individual organism, unlike the essential life processes such as nutrition, respiration, or excretion. Reproducing organisms create new individuals that look very much like themselves.

8.1 Do Organisms Create Exact Copies of Themselves?

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The mechanism by which variations are created and inherited. The long-term consequences of the accumulation of variations are also an interesting point to be considered.

9.1 Accumulation of variation during reproduction

Inheritance from the previous generation provides both a common basic body design, and subtle changes in it, for the next generation. The second generation will have differences that they inherit from the first generation, as well as newly created differences

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An object reflects light that falls on it. This reflected light, when received by our eyes, enables us to see things. There are a number of common wonderful phenomena associated with light such as image formation by mirrors, the twinkling of stars, the beautiful colours of a rainbow, bending of light by a medium and so on.

The phenomena of reflection and refraction of light using the straight-line propagation of light. These basic concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena in nature.

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The human eye uses light and enables us to see objects around us. It has a lens in its structure. We’ll Learn about the function of the lens in a human eye.

11.1 Human Eye

The human eye is one of the most valuable and sensitive sense organs. It enables us to see the wonderful world and the colours around us. On closing the eyes, we can identify objects to some extent by their smell, taste, sound they make or by touch. It is, however, impossible to identify colours while closing the eyes. Thus, of all the sense organs, the human eye is the most significant one as it enables us to see the beautiful, colourful world around us.

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Electricity has an important place in modern society. It is a controllable and convenient form of energy for a variety of uses in homes, schools, hospitals, industries and so on.

12.1 Electric current and circuit

The torch gives light only when its switch is on. A switch makes a conducting link between the cell and the bulb. A continuous and closed path of an electric current is called an electric circuit. Now, if the circuit is broken anywhere (or the switch of the torch is turned off), the current stops flowing and the bulb does not glow.

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The electric current through the copper wire has produced a magnetic effect. Thus we can say that electricity and magnetism are linked to each other. Then, what about the reverse possibility of an electric effect of moving magnets?

13.1 Magnetic field and field lines

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Energy comes in different forms and one form can be converted to another.

If we light a candle, the process is highly exothermic so that the chemical energy in the wax is converted to heat energy and light energy on burning.

14.1 What is a good source of Energy

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The word ‘environment’ often being used on the television, in newspapers and by people around us. a healthy ‘environment’; and global summits involving the developed and developing countries are regularly held to discuss ‘environmental’ issues.

15.1 Eco-System what are its Components ?

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Sustainable living has always been an integral part of India's tradition and culture. It has been integrated with our long-lasting traditions and practices, customs, art and crafts, festivals, food, beliefs, rituals and folklore.

Entire natural world be in harmony’ which is reflected in the famous phrase in Sanskrit ‘Vasudhaiv kutumbakam’ that means “the entire earth is one family”. The phrase is mentioned in ‘Mahaupanishad’,

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